Cloud Point Extraction Experiment

Cloud Point Extraction Experiment Bromothymol blue (otherwise called bromothymol sulfone phthalein, BTB) (Figure 2.1.1) is a pH marker (yellow at pH 6.0 and blue at pH 7.6). Its concoction name is: 4,40-(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-3,3-diyl)bis(2-bromo-6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (The Merck Index, thirteenth release, 2007)[1]. pKa of BTB is 7.1. This color is the most proper pH pointer color in physiological tissue and furthermore utilized in the examination of the cooperation of lipid with protein (Puschett and Rao 1991; Gorbenko 1998; Sotomayor et al. 1998)[2,3,4]. It is broadly applied in biomedical, organic, and concoction building applications (Schegg and Baldini 1986; Ibarra and Olivares-Perez 2002)[5,6]. BTB in protonated or deprotonated structure is yellow or blue in shading, individually, while its answer is somewhat blue green in nonpartisan arrangement. It is here and there used to characterize cell dividers or cores under the magnifying lens. BTB is for the most part utilized for the assessment and es timation of the pH of pools and fish tanks and the assurance of the nearness of carbonic corrosive in fluid. There are a few treatment techniques for colors from squander materials, including adsorption (Nandi, Goswami, and Purkait 2009)[8], coagulationâ€flocculation, oxidationâ€ozonation, turn around assimilation, film filtration, natural corruption, and electrochemical procedures (Shen et al. 2001; Kim et al. 2004; Chatterjee, Lee, and Woo 2010)[9,10,11]. 2.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL 2.1.2.1 Materials: All the arrangements were set up with twofold refined water. 2.1.2.1.1 Triton X †100 (0.1M): Triton X-100 was bought from Qualigens Analytical evaluation. The TX-100 was freed from any low-bubbling polluting influences by introduction to vaccum for 3h at 700C after the strategy given by Kumar and Balasubrahmanium[19]. 31.4 g of TX-100 fluid is broken down 500 ml volumetric carafe and made sufficient to acquire 0.1 mol/dm3 arrangement. The basic micellar focus and Cloud purpose of TX-100 are 2.8ãâ€"10âˆ'4 [20] 65ã ¢- ¦C [21] separately. 2.1.2.1.2 Bromothymol Blue (BTB) : 1.0 g of BTB color Merck India was broken down in 5.0 ml of ethanol (99.8%) for disintegration then weakening are made with twofold refined water into a 1000 ml volumetric jar sufficient to acquire a convergence of 1000 mg/dm3(Babak Samiey, Kamal Alizadeh et.al 2004)[22]. So as to abstain from blurring stock arrangement was wrapped dark shading paper. The working arrangements of BTB were set up by fitting weakenings of the stock arrangement quickly preceding their utilization. 2.1.2.1.3 Acetic corrosive (0.5M). 28.5 ml icy acidic corrosive (A.R.grade) Qualigens was weakened with refined water in a 1000 ml volumetric carafe to give 0.5M Acetic corrosive arrangement. The arrangement got was weakened to required fixation and normalized according to the technique (Vogel et. al. 1989)[23] with standard NaOH arrangement. 2.1.2.1.4 Sodium acetic acid derivation (0.5M): 13.6 g sodiumacetate.trihydrate, (CH3COONa.3H2O) of Analytical evaluation Qualigens is broken up in 100 ml volumetric carafe and made sufficient (Vogel et. al. 1978)[24]. 2.1.2.1.5 NaCl (0.1M): 2.922 g unadulterated dry salt of sodiumchloride of investigative evaluation Qualigens is weighing out and disintegrated in 500 ml volumetric flagon to give 0.1M NaCl solution(Vogel et. al. 1989)[25]. 2.1.2.1.6 Na2SO4 (0.5M): 16.1 g of sodiumsulphate decahydrate,(Na2SO4.10H2O) A.R.grade from Merck (India), is disintegrated in 100 ml volumetric flagon and made sufficient to give 0.5M Na2SO4 solution(Vogel et. al. 1989)[26]. 2.1.2.1.7 KH2PO4(1.0M): 34.02 g of KH2PO4 of Analytical evaluation Qualigens is disintegrated in 250 ml volumetric flagon and made sufficient (Vogel et. al. 1978)[27]. 2.1.2.1.8 Na2HPO4 (1.0M): A.R. grade disodium hydrogen phosphate, Na2HPO4.2H2O, is taken in porcelain pot and warmed until no more water is freed. At that point 17.8 g of this chilly buildup is taken in 100 ml volumetric carafe and made up to the make to give 1.0 M of Na2HPO4 arrangement (Vogel et. al. 1978)[28]. The reagent is arranged newly each time. 2.1.2.1.9 Buffer arrangement of pH4.0( ±0.05): 5 ml of 4M sodium acetic acid derivation (A.R. grade) Qualigens and 20 ml of 4M acidic corrosive (A.R. grade) Qualigens are blended in a 100ml volumetric cup and made sufficient which has resultant pH of 4.0(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[29] . 2.1.2.1.10 Buffer arrangement of pH5.0( ±0.05):: 17.5 ml of 4M sodium acetic acid derivation (A.R. grade) Qualigens and 10 ml of 4M acidic corrosive (A.R. grade) Qualigens are blended in a 100ml volumetric cup and made sufficient which has resultant pH of 5.0(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[30] . 2.1.2.1.11 Buffer arrangement of pH6.0( ±0.05): 13.2 ml of1M KH2PO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens and 86.8 ml of 1M Na2HPO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens are blended in 100ml volumetric cup which has resultant pH of 6.0(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[31]. 2.1.2.1.12 Buffer arrangement of pH7.0( ±0.05): 61.5 ml of 1M KH2PO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens and 38.5 ml of 1M Na2HPO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens are blended in 100ml volumetric cup which has resultant pH of 7.0(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[31]. 2.1.2.1.13 Buffer arrangement of pH8.0( ±0.05): 94.0 ml of 1M KH2PO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens and 6.0 ml of 1M Na2HPO4 (A.R.grade) Qualigens are blended in 100ml volumetric cup which has resultant pH of 8.0(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[31]. 2.1.2.1.14 Buffer arrangement of pH9.2( ±0.05): 1.905g of Na2B4O7.10.H2O of (A.R.grade) Qualigens is broken up in 100ml volumetric carafe and made sufficient to acquire 0.05 M of borax solution.The resultant pH of the arrangement is 9.2(â ±0.05) (Vogel et. al. 1989)[32]. 2.1.2.2 Methodology for cloud point extraction: 2.1.2.2.1 Procedure: The cloud point temperature was dictated by writing technique revealed via Carvalho et al. [33]. This depends on the ‘visual perception of the detachment of phases’ in the micellar arrangement. The arrangement was warmed progressively in the water shower until turbidity showed up. To confirm the outcomes, the contrary procedure was done by cooling bit by bit with steady blending and the cloud point was considered as the temperature at which the arrangement turned out to be clear. The announced worth was the normal of these two conclusions; much of the time, these two temperatures were indistinguishable, inside + 0.5oC. Cloud point extraction test was directed by utilizing a 10 ml axis tube with a screw top containing various centralizations of Triton X-100 and BTB and sonicated for 2 minutes for legitimate blending. The arrangement is warmed up to 80ËÅ ¡C in a thermostatic temperature shower for 20 min. The turbid arrangement was then centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min and cooled in an ice shower for 2 minutes so as to isolate the stages. Both the stages are isolated and the volumes of surfactant rich stage (coacervate stage) and weaken stages were estimated. Normal of three judgments is accounted for in all cases. The convergence of color in both the stages has been estimated by utilizing PerkinElmer lamda-25 UV-Visible spectrophotometer. So as to decide the impact of the reagents added to the surfactant stage, cloud point judgments were performed with the options of cradle, color and inorganic salts. The system for the assurance of basic temperature was equivalent to above, however utilizing just a fixed surfactant focus. The stage outline for Triton X-100 was gotten by estimating the cloud point temperature of fluid surfactant arrangements at various fixations. 2.1.2.2.2 Spectra and adjusted diagram The convergence of the color was controlled by U.V-noticeable spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer lamda-25). Unadulterated BTB was at first adjusted independently for various focuses as far as absorbance units, which were recorded at frequency 430 nm, at which greatest retention happens (Figure 2.1.2, 2.1.3). No critical change in the absorbance has been watched even within the sight of TX-100. Consequently all the absorbance estimations were performed at this frequency. Figure 2.1.2 Spectra of BTB color Figure 2.1.3 Calibration bend of BTB color 2.1.2.2.3 Determination of Phase volume Ratio, Fractional coacervate stage volume and pre-fixation factor The volumes of the individual surfactant-rich and watery stages got after the division of stages were resolved utilizing adjusted rotator tubes for ascertaining the pre focus factor. Surfactant arrangements containing regular measures of the BTB were extricated utilizing the CPE technique, trailed by the estimation of the separate stage volumes. The outcomes revealed are the normal of three conclusions. The stage volume proportion is characterized as the proportion of the volume of the surfactant-rich stage to that of the watery stage. It is determined utilizing the accompanying equation. (2.1.1) Where RV is the stage volume proportion, VS and VW are volumes of surfactant-rich stage and watery stage separately. The pre-focus factor, (fC) is characterized as the proportion of the volume of mass arrangement before stage detachment (Vt) to that of the surfactant-rich a great many stages partition (Vs). (2.1.2) Where Vt and VS are the volumes of the mass arrangement before stage partition and the surfactant-rich stage separately. The fragmentary coacervate stage volume with the feed surfactant focus is determined by utilizing the relationship: (2.1.3) Where FC is the fragmentary coacervate volume and Cs is the molar centralization of the feed surfactant arrangement, for fixed feed color focus, the parameters an and b change straightly with temperature. The estimation of Fc lies in the middle of 0.04-0.23 for different working conditions. Surfactant segment coefficient (m) is characterized as the proportion of centralization of surfactant in coacervate and weaken stage. - (2.1.4) The proficiency of extraction is characterized as - (2.1.5) 2.1.4 Discussion: This area is partitioned into four sections. In initial segment, factors affecting the extraction productivity (e.g., groupings of non-ionic surfactants, color and salt, temperatur

Organizational Output of Pfizer

Hierarchical Output of Pfizer Hierarchical Output Presentation Yield by and large alludes to the things delivered. yield, as far as the creation unit implies complete number of items produced for a given span and the different expense related with the creation. Yields additionally allude to the quantity of clients visited in a given time. The association needs to get acclimated, if there is a decrease in the yield of the association because of adjustment in the outside or inner condition. Key yields Key yields of the Pfizer incorporate opening of Assembling offices, New creative items Also, monetary result (Pfizer Inc Third-Quarter 2004 Performance Report, 2008). Assembling offices: Pfizer Inc, the mammoth in Healthcare opened its assembling office in Singapore of about $600. This speculation will bolster the broad plans of the companys activities. In Asia, this speculation has made the Pfizer significant dynamic pharmaceutical fixing producing plant. It is a completely programmed office. This office in Singapore will end up being a significant connection in assembling and creating dynamic fixings that will be utilized in Neurontin. For tablets and containers creation, these fixings are utilized and are moved to the medication item plants. The yield acquired by the assembling plant will advance the worldwide deals of about numerous billion US dollars. Pfizer chose this specific spot on account of settled corporate data innovation unit (Kotler, 2002). From an American-escalated compound assembling organization, Pfizer has moved to a worldwide research based pharmaceutical business. Accordingly, it has become the universes greatest human services organization dependent on investigate. Items: In 2007, the organization performed amazingly well and rolled out such improvements that have upgraded its future execution. Lyrica, Sutent and Chantix assumed a Key job and performed amazingly well. Right now Pfizer has ten disparate divisions and energizes thirty-one various fundamental items. Inside every gathering, the divisions and significant items are: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, which incorporates Lipitor, Caduet, Norvasc, Diabetes, Arthritis and Pain, Central Nervous System Disorders, Infectious and Respiratory Diseases. Aside from this, Pfizer have six items that are into the pipeline of RD. Money related result: In 2007, the organization reflected solid budgetary execution. The organization concentrated on developing the incentive by achieving the money related objectives, confining spending, and keeping up the cost structure. So as to convey the huge investor return, new program is endorsed by Board of Directors. Aside from this, the organization reported an expansion of 10% in the primary quarter of 2008. This has expanded the investor riches. In the final quarter of 2007, Pfizer indicated income of $13.1 billion and in the year-back quarter; it mirrored an expansion of 4%. Outside trade greatly affects income of Fourth-quarter 2007. Aside from this, there is an expansion in the second quarter incomes. In 2005, Pfizer demonstrated a total compensation of $8,085 million, this mirrored a decrease of 29% in 2004. The organization has the gigantic spending plan apportioned for RD. It has solid unsurprising income in the following thirty months. Last however not the least, Pfizer shows a stable EPS development (Organizational Culture and Product Innovation, 2004). Pertinence of these results in my investigation These yields assume a significant job in evaluating the company’s quality and accomplishing its drawn out targets. Aside from this, these likewise bolster the broad plans of the companys activities and increment the shareholders’ riches. Creative items can bring gigantic benefits for the organization, since they will draw in the customers. New item advancement is the solid ability of the Pfizer because of its assurance, center and commitment to examine. Pfizer is turning out to be monetarily secure due to the company’s solid undertaking for building up the new creative items. Consequently, these structure the significant piece of the examination. Interrelation between the results Every one of these yields can not work freely; they are interlinked to one another. To create inventive administrations and items is a basic issue for any organization and it decides the degree of money related result that the organization will get. On the off chance that the organization intends to open the assembling offices, it needs to see the extension for the new imaginative items. Organization will attempt to discover the achievement rate it will acquire by opening the new offices. Monetary measures are taken as the slacking pointers that get the results from point of reference activities. Confined dependence on money related pointers will prompt the conduct that does without long haul formation of significant worth for transient execution. Consequently, legitimate estimation of the money related imperatives is significant. To grow the organization business the organization should be sound in its money related approaches. More noteworthy the monetary result more prominent will be the company’s quality. Inventive items have the capacity to make sure about the organization monetarily. In the pharmaceutical business, item showcase is getting soaked and constraining the organization to spend an enormous segment of financial plans on separation of item and in the promoting exercises among the contenders. Collaborations made by the yield Positive collaboration is made by these yields. In the event that they are appropriately adjusted, they can respect an enormous benefit. The best possible interest in any field is valuable in light of the fact that the firm gets the chance to make the most of new chances, which can determine the proceeding with advancement for the organization. The all out spending plan doled out for the advancement of new items by the organization is the most noteworthy in the business and can not be imitated by the contenders. Henceforth, advancement of new item improvement is restrictive and significant to the association. For this, the organization utilizes the patent and permit. New item helps in securing solid item portfolio. Legitimate money related interest in deals power assumes a basic job as it decides the company’s quality as far as benefits and income. This model was found in the items, for example, Stutent and Lurica. The company’s interior procedure ought to be in accorda nce with the Pfizer outside capacities and must concentrate on the rearranging systems and procedures to build up the effectiveness in the operational exercises to accomplish an upper hand by spending less sums. Then again, immense issues can emerge if there is absence of legitimate coordination between these results. All the results are interlinked, so on the off chance that they are not overseen appropriately, they can place the organization in a difficult situation. Consequently, advancement of offices requires immense research. Also, for this, organization is required to appropriately designate the assets to all the offices. Significant piece of income is utilized in the exploration and the turn of events. In the event that any off-base choice is taken identified with the advancement of new item without experiencing through examination, the organization can bring about the enormous money related misfortunes, which will at last hamper the trust of the different partners of the organization. In the event that any technique is passed up a major opportunity, it will prompt the space for the substitute items; for this, the organization needs to bring about substantial misfortune. Along these lines organization should make the proactive strides so as to guard the contenders. For this, the inside and out investigation is required by the organization. Consequently, endeavors of the considerable number of offices in an organized way are required (Kotler, 2002). References Kotler, P. (2002). Showcasing Management: Strategies of Pfizer (eleventh Edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. Hierarchical Culture and Product Innovation. (2004). Global Business Review 13(6): 685-703. Pfizer Inc Third-Quarter 2004 Performance Report. (2008). Recovered April 28, 2008 from http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-receptacle/stories.pl?ACCT=104STORY=/www/story/10-20-2004/0002289038EDATE= Pfizer: A solid business vision. (2004). Recovered April 29, 2008 from http://www.edb.gov.sg/edb/sg/en_uk/record/news_room/distributions/singapore_investment04/singapore_investment10/pfizer_a_healthy.html

How to Tell If You Have Had a Manic Episode

How to Tell If You Have Had a Manic Episode Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Bipolar Mania Quiz By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 01, 2014 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights PM Images / The Image Bank / Getty Images Do you suspect that youve had periods of bipolar mania? Do you think you might be manic now? Use the checklist below to see how many symptoms of mania you have, and check your score at the end. The test is written as if you are currently experiencing symptoms. If youre concerned about symptoms youve had in the past, consider a period of at least one week when some symptoms from each group were present every day, for most of the day. Please note that this is not a formal diagnostic test. The results are intended for your use in talking to a doctor about your mental state. Bipolar Mania Self-Test Keep count of the number of questions where your answer is Yes in each group. Group 1 Have you had an unusual increase in energy and/or activity?Do you feel abnormally happy, even though nothing in your life can account for it? The happiness may have begun with something special, but the happiness has lasted longer than normal.Is your mood abnormally expansive?Are you abnormally irritable for no real reason? Group 2 These symptoms should represent a noticeable difference from your normal behavior or experience. Is your self-esteem higher than normal, or are you experiencing grandiosity?Do you feel rested with only a few hours of sleep?Are you talking more than usual, or do you frequently feel like you absolutely must keep talking?Do you have racing thoughts, or are you speaking extremely rapidly, jumping from topic to topic (flight of ideas)?Are you very easily distracted?Are you physically extremely restless, or are you plunging into projects on impulse (like painting your garage at 2 a.m., or suddenly inviting 20 people to dinner that night)?Are you taking foolish risks with little or no thought about consequences? Group 3 Are your behaviors causing serious difficulties in your life (for example, severe problems in relationships or at work or school)?Are you having hallucinations, or are you delusional?Have you had to be hospitalized because of your symptoms in order to prevent you from harming yourself or others? Scoring the Mania Self-Test Note: After you have scored your results, its essential to read about other important factors below. Group 1: 1 Yes 0 points 2 Yes 1 point Group 2: 1-2 Yes 0 points 3 Yes 1 point Group 3: 1 Yes 1 point Mania Self-Test Results In general, 3 points are necessary to be diagnosed as having a manic episode. However, the presence of a number of symptoms in any single group is an indication that youre in need of a mental health evaluation. Your doctor may still conclude that you have bipolar disorder. Other possibilities:You may be experiencing hypomania rather than mania.You may be having a mixed episode.You may have another illness such as schizophrenia or brief psychotic disorder. Other Important Factors You must also consider these elements: Did your symptoms begin with the use of an illegal drug? If Yes, a diagnosis of mania cant be confirmed, but you should seek treatment immediately.Did your symptoms begin after the use of a prescription medication or other medical treatment? If Yes, the presence or absence of bipolar mania must be evaluated by a doctor, but again, you should seek treatment immediately. In Conclusion The psychiatric symptoms listed above are always a cause for concern  and may indicate a manic episode. If you are troubled by any of them, seeking medical help is recommended. Remember, this test is not a diagnostic tool. Only a healthcare provider can diagnose mania.

Innocence Taken Essay - 1805 Words

Innocence Taken In a world of violence and greed, parents are on the frontlines of a morality battle for the sake of their children. If they are not battling teen drug and alcohol abuse, these protectors of progeny constantly monitor for depression, sexual behavior, bad influences, and everything under the sun that could be in harms way of their offspring. There are many predators in the game of life that seek to manipulate and deceive these innocent juveniles for personal gains and selfish reasons. At a time when their childhood experiences are building the adult that they will become, many are out seeking to distort or pervert this outcome. â€Å"Childhood has long been recognized as a critical period in the development of many†¦show more content†¦Even worse was the fact that he had been accused several times of touching students and offering them money for sexual favors (Bridges). 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William Blake puts all these factors together in his poem to show how devastating it can be to lose your innocence at such a young age, the ignorance of society towards child labour and how religion can sometimes be your only way to feel hope when times get hard. To start off, in the firstRead MoreInjustices of the Justice System1131 Words   |  5 Pagescould be excluded from suspicion,which is incorrect, as the victim’s blood type could mask that of the attacker, so failure to inform the jury that no men could be excluded is misleading. Harrison maintained his innocence and sought further DNA testing and in 2003 it proved his innocence and he was exonerated (â€Å"Know the Cases†). To some these are simple mistakes that lead to an unfortunate result, and there is nothing we could do to fix them. They may be mistakes, but when a man’s life being spent

The Following is an article about the FIFA Confederations Cup 2013 Free Essays

Headline: The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the ninth FIFA Confederations Cup, and was held in Brazil from 15 June to 30 June 2013 as a prelude to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The most recent winners of the six continental championships appeared in the tournament, along with hosts Brazil and UEFA Euro 2012 runners-up Italy, who were admitted because the Euro 2012 winners, Spain, had also won the most recent FIFA World Cup in 2010. Generating Ideas: (Points):[ Actually these are facts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Following is an article about the FIFA Confederations Cup 2013 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But we can generate and customize our own ideas and create a healthy an article. ] Brazil successfully defended their title with a 3–0 win over Spain in the final. It was their fourth Confederations Cup title and third in a row, after previous wins in 1997, 2005 and 2009. #According to FIFA president Sepp Blatter, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the best version of the tournament ever played. The competition was the first national team tournament to employ goal-line technology, which will also be used at the 2014 World Cup. #Italy was awarded a spot in the competition because Spain had won both the 2010 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2012. Since both competitions award their winners a place in the FIFA Confederations Cup, the runner-up of UEFA Euro 2012 received an invitation to the tournament. #six stadiums are used, each in a different city. #The Official Emblem of this tournament features a stylized interpretation of Brazil’s national bird, the Rufous-Bellied Thrush (Sabia-Laranjeira). The colouring of the bird is the result of a creative interpretation inspired by the colours of Brazil’s national flag, whilst simultaneously showcasing the country’s colourful fauna. The lightness of the bird’s flight symbolically eflects the warm, hospitable nature of the Brazilian people and acts as a reminder of their national pride. #Teams had to name a 23-man squad (three of whom must be goalkeepers) by the FIFA deadline of 3 June 2013. The squads were announced by FIFA on 7 June 2013. #the competition’s dates were confirmed by FIFA on 27 July 2011 in the build-up to the draw for the 2014 World Cup’s preliminary qualification rounds. #All eight teams entered the group stage. The group winners and runners-up advanced to the semi-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament. Prior to the opening ceremony at the Brasilia National Stadium on 15 June, demonstrations took place outside the stadium, organised by people unhappy with the amount of public money spent to enable the hosting of the FIFA World Cup. Police used tear gas and pepper spray to quell the protests. The demonstrations were part of wider unrest and rioting in Brazilian cities initially sparked by increased ticket prices on public transport, but growing to express deeper public disenchantment with the financial management of the country by its Government, specially due to the high inflation. In the knockout stage, if a match was level at the end of normal playing time, extra time would be played (two periods of 15 minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner. #Fernando Torres was awarded the Golden Boot award on tie-breakers. Both he and Fred scored five goals and made one assist, but Torres was given the award due to having played fewer minutes over the tournament #The official match ball for the Cup was produced by Adidas. It was unveiled during the draw for the competition. The ball is named â€Å"Cafusa† #The FIFA Confederations Cup final attracted the largest sports television audience in Brazil this year, and topped 2013 viewing figures in Spain. #The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final was a football match to determine the winners of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. The match was held at the Estadio do Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 30 June 2013 and was contested by the winners of the semi-finals, Brazil and Spain. Brazil defeated Spain 3–0 with goals from Fred and Neymar, thus breaking Spain’s record of 29 games without a defeat. #Neymar inspired Brazil to a crushing Confederations Cup victory over World and European champions Spain in the Maracana. The Barcelona superstar scored a stunning strike just before the break and his goal was sandwiched by two Fred goals early in each half, the first a scrappy affair and the second a neat curled finish. Spain did not help themselves, with Sergio Ramos missing a penalty before fellow centre back Gerard Pique was sent off. How to cite The Following is an article about the FIFA Confederations Cup 2013, Papers

Mango pulp Essay Example

Mango pulp Essay Hilly terrain of the Shadier is ideal for cashew and mango plantation, Wallet Patti is best suited to payday, Angina and horticultural plantation and in Gallatin Patti, coconut, recants and alphorns mango, spices oakum and other minor fruits is concentrated. Horticulture and fishing are the main sources Three major soil types in SIR are I) Literate and laterality soils -These soils are sandy clay loam to clay in texture, and hence are susceptible to erosion. These soils are acidic, fairly well supplied with organic carbon and total nitrogen. The available phosphorus content is low. The available potassium content is variable. The soils are suitable for cultivation of payday, millets and horticultural crops like mango, cashew and minor fruits like oakum, awl, Cajun and Kiwifruit etc. (ii) Coastal alluvial soils -These soils are derived from trap and are found on the banks of river/creek in low-lying areas. These soils are clay loam to loam in texture. Iii) Coastal saline soils Mostly found in the vicinity of the sea coast. These soils are highly saline, in spite of heavy rainfall. The texture of the coastal saline soils in this region is sandy loams to sandy clay loam. We will write a custom essay sample on Mango pulp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mango pulp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mango pulp specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These soils are most suitable for growing coconut and recants crop. Also some salt tolerant payday varieties are grown in this soil. 6. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL Due to nearness of the Arabian sea, the climate of the whole region is humid. The humidity of the region ranges from 60 percent in summer season to about 90 percent in rainy season. The minimum and maximum temperature of the region ranges teen 150 C to ICC during the various reasons of the year. The rainfall is the most dominant weather parameter that influences plant growth and and crop production. The South Oaken Region receives, on an average , annual assured rainfall of 3000 to 3500 mm from south west monsoon during the months of June to September. Generally, highest rainfall in this region is recorded in the month of July. The intensity of the rainfall goes on increasing from sea shore to Shadier ranges. The warm and humid climatic conditions are quite favorable for horticulture. Water is abundant in this region due to heavy rainfall. Considering hilly rack of this region, most important problem is preservation of rain water. 7. Especially Mamba maw, Mamba Poll (Mango Chapatti), Ambrosia (naturally dried mall sized mango pieces), Anchor (Mango Powder), Pants Poll Kiwifruit Chapatti), Kiwifruit Crispy Chips, Oakum Syrup, Oakum Gal, Karri Peahen, Gumball Juice, Mango Squash, Awl Juice, Measles (dried Oakum rind), Awl Supers, Mango Pickles and Chilly Pickles and herbal extracts etc. 10. Nutritive Value Fruits and vegetables products have been regarded as the natural nutritive materials which provide almost all the essential nutritional elements to consumers for their daily routine and hard work. They supply carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibers, mineral matter, vitamins, hormones and other materials which are needed by the human odd to perform certain functions. Fruits Processing Industry provides wholesome, safe and nutritious food throughout the year. 11. Variation in Quality Fruits in SIR are of variety quality. First quality fruits are generally purchased for fresh consumption and some secondary quality fruits or fruits damaged by adverse weather condition or damaged in transport or by any other reason which are eatable but not fresh such fruits can be used for processing purpose. 2. Growth of other Industries SIR is developing industrially and it is encouraging for the development of fruits processing industry in this region. Many other industries are flourishing here which are supplementary to fruits processing industry; these are machines, tools, equipments, packing and packaging, transportation, warehousing, chain of retailers, wholesalers and distributors and many o ther industries directly indirectly involved in this business. 13. Employment Generation Fruits Processing Industry and other ancillary industries generate employment for the local people. Especially processing of fruits and vegetables is year round activity which provides employment opportunities to the people throughout the year. 14. Empowerment of Women Our government has given emphasis on women empowerment through various schemes and programmed. Home scale and cottage fruits processing units managed by Self Help Groups are increasing. Numbers of government and non-government organizations are providing entrepreneurship development programmed and micro 15. Environment Protection Fruits processing industry is environment friendly and pollution free. Horticultural development will be helpful in maintaining ecological balance of the region. 16. Government Schemes and subsidies Various schemes under MOP, APED, National Horticulture Board, National Horticulture Mission, INBOARD, provide assistance for infrastructural development, capital investment, technological pagination , quality testing and improvement, R , entrepreneurship development, fund raising, marketing and Human resource development. Export promotion through GAZE and SEE, EPIC scheme, reliefs in Excise and Custom duty, tax exemptions etc. Rate environment for investment in this sector. 17. Dry. Bleaches Sonant Oaken Shirks Vapidity Various Shirks(Agricultural) colleges are located in different parts of this region for imparting scientific knowledge and for providing technology to the inhabitants to improve their agricultural practices. Researches and developments done by BASKS professors and students are helpful to find out new species of horticultural plants, cultivat ion and irrigation methods and also useful for processors to discover new innovative products and processes. 18.

Snowboarding Essays

Snowboarding Essays Snowboarding Essay Snowboarding Essay Brad Ogden Mr. Buffington English 104 2/17/11 There is nothing more beautiful than being a part of a community. A community is a group of people with a common interest or goal who interact with each other and unite together to make what they stand for special (Students, English 104, 2011). A community can be a school, a city, a team, or simply a hobby that is shared and enjoyed together. There is a community for almost anything and no matter how big or small it is, it means a great deal to the people that are a part of it. I would consider myself a part of numerous communities but one that I especially value would be the community of snowboarders. I have had a passion for snowboarding since I was very young and my passion has only grown and matured more as I have gotten older. This passion originated from a Disney movie, â€Å"Johnny Tsunami†, where the main character is a young snowboarder who is very talented and brave. I would watch this movie every chance that I got and it summoned my love for the sport because I could not think of anything cooler than becoming snowboarder. In the movie there was one quote that stuck with me and is still an essential value to myself, â€Å"Go big or go home. † That has stuck with me my whole life; it gave me the courage to get on a snowboard, has helped me stomp my first tricks, and helped me overcome many fears of injuring myself. That quote will stay with me and will continue to help me become a better snowboarder. Becoming a part of this community made me realize that I can say that I can consider a stranger on a snowboard somewhat of a brother or sister, which might sound strange but there is a connection between two people that share the same passion. The most important asset to every snowboarder that generates the passion for snowboarding is his or her snowboard. A snowboarder without a snowboard is like a soldier without a gun or a mom without a child, without it the title is deficient. The snowboard is the key to all the locked doors and with it you can reach unimaginable goals and keep the passion for the sport burning. I first got to experience the thrill of riding a snowboard when I was ten years old on a trip to Perfect North Slopes in Indiana with my best friend and his family of experienced skiers. My best friends mother insisted that I tried skiing before I got on a snowboard because snowboarding is apparently more difficult than skiing, which I found to be erroneous after falling several times on skis going down the bunny slope. After I traded my skis in for a snowboard the day became much more thrilling. The feeling I got from snowboarding on that day was almost as electrifying as the first time I fell in love, it was something that I continued think about everyday and no matter how badly it hurt me, I wanted go back for more. From that point on, each time I would hop off the ski lift it was like another adventure, and each time my love for it would grow. Of course I wasn’t hitting frontside indy grabs or 5400’s from the get-go, which are semi-difficult moves that include a series of spins and grabs while gliding through the air after hitting a jump. Just like every newcomer to the sport I had my fair share of spills. Throughout my years of snowboarding I have knocked teeth out, broken my tailbone and arm several times, dislocated my shoulder, and have simply fallen so hard that it seemed the snow beneath my board turned into asphalt as I approached the impact zone. Even though I have suffered these injuries I have continued to go out and push myself to become a better snowboarder. The snowboard brings numerous values to the table, such as determination and patience but it all depends on the rider and the thrill they are searching for. For some riders, it is a simple way to escape from the world of stress and hard times and is just a good time relaxing, for others it is simply another outdoor adventure, and for the people for whom it is more than a hobby like myself, it is a way of life. For us, snowboarding is used as a way to see how far we can push ourselves past the realm of apprehension into a place where we can be totally confident and fearless. Snowboarding introduced a plethora of values, which have all made me a more mature and diligent individual. Snowboarding can be very frustrating at times, it is not a sport that you can simply shoot from the hip and expect to become successful, which is why you have to be determined, patient, disciplined, confident, and outgoing. Determination is huge in snowboarding because if you’re not determined to get any better then you’re not going to, you have to want it so badly that you will to push yourself each run so that you can possibly become the next professional snowboarder chairman like Shaun White or Travis Rice. With determination comes patience, to get better you not only have to be determined to improve every time but you have to realize that it takes years to become a well-rounded snowboarder. Do you think 10-time snowboard gold medalist Shaun White hit a double mctwist 1260 or simply hurled himself off 22-foot edges of a half pipe with an accumulation of spins, flips and twists right off the bat? No, everything that White attempts on a snowboard is meticulously thought out and fine-tuned (RED, WHITE AND FLYING HIGH, Kirby, 2010). He practices regularly to continue to push the limits of physics and the human body, which lead to the creation of new tricks and the growth of a more extreme snowboarding community. Patience goes hand-in-hand with discipline. Riding can become very frustrating so it is crucial that you keep a good head on your shoulders and rise each time that you fall. If you fall nine times you must stand up ten times and to do that you must be confident and outgoing on every single run. Second guessing yourself on a snowboard is very dangerous because if you are not confident during an attempt to land a trick then you will hurt yourself physically and mentally even more than if you were to give all your effort and still fall. You cannot be scared of the potential appalling outcomes from snowboarding because if you are fearful that you might hurt yourself or embarrass yourself then you will not be able to completely push yourself to your greatest capabilities. Snowboarding is one of the most difficult sports to be good at, it takes a very long time to become consistent and successful but if you put forth all the values that are installed in a good snowboarder, you yourself can become a talented rider as well. Another beautiful aspect of the snowboarding community is its fashion. Snowboarding is a hybrid culture, which combines aspects of grunge, punk and hippy cultures, and more latterly hip-hop and dance cultures, amongst others (Snowboarders vs. Skiers, Edensor and Richards, 2005). These diverse cultures, which all have different styles, wear very similar clothing while n the slopes because of the demands for the fashion. These styles typically include baggy pants, beanie hats and jackets. Unlike other sports where you can tell how talented a person is from their body type, snowboarders clothing styles assume great prominence in achieving distinction amongst members of the community. Most of the time you can look at a boarder and tell ho w good he or she is simply by what they are wearing (Pollio, 20, snowboarder). I wear baggy pants, a plain shirt, a black pinstriped jacket, a black or blue beanie, and goggles. This is the basic swagger of a snowboarder but there are other reasons for wearing this clothing other than it looks cool and that everyone else in the community wears something similar. For example, I wear baggy pants because loose clothes are required for maneuverability when doing tricks and turns on a snowboard. The catch to looking good on the slopes is not only to dress like you know how to snowboard; you have to ride like you know how to snowboard. Someone could walk out with a brand new board and you would think he is good initially but once he falls numerous times you would consider him a poser or a lame. Clothes are subordinate to the performance of a snowboarder but they are intimately linked to the degree of skill of the wearer. Not everyone seeing snowboarder’s style as â€Å"cool† or fashionable, some of the biggest haters of snowboarders are skiers. There has always been tension between the community of snowboarders and the community of skiers since each of the sports was created. Snowboarders refer to skiers as conformist, over-cautious and inexpressive. Skiers refer to snowboarders as subversive, reckless and boisterous. You could say that these stereotypes are true to a certain degree. Snowboarders and skiers have a serious problem with sharing the snow, which is where these stereotypes start to reveal themselves. A snowboarder would be considered reckless because he or she will cut off a skier because skiers go too slowly and they somehow are always in a snowboarder’s way. A snowboarder would seem subversive because they are rebellious and do whatever they please on the slopes simply because they can and want to see a reaction out of a skiing passerby, and they would seem boisterous because that’s how they are; full of energy, rowdy, unruly, and always excited. Skiers think they are superior to snowboarders because their sport has been around longer and it is more proper and professional, when in reality they are no better than any snowboarder. The conflicts between snowboarders and skiers are part of a broader, uneven process in which the competing performances of their diverse styles of movement attempt to claim space (Snowboarders vs. Skiers, Edensor and Richards, 2005). Snowboarders and skiers are in an ongoing battle to territorialize space, to claim it from other users and from those who have controlled space by establishing rules and conventions about what constitute appropriate embodied functions, performances and symbolic meanings (Snowboarders vs. Skiers, Edensor and Richards, 2005). The snowboarding community is constantly growing and the members of it are pushing the sport to limits that have not been reached yet. The best part about those limits is that they are infinite and thanks to professional snowboarders like Shaun White, young snowboarders are inspired to achieve something as great as him. Riders like White prove that the capabilities of snowboarders are limitless because after each goal made there is more that can be done to improve it. Snowboarding is a sport with no boundaries; you can ride down a slope as fast as you want, you can ride through the woods weaving your way in and out of trees, grind on a rail or a tabletop, hit whatever trick you want, make up a trick, descend off of a mountain pinnacle and the list goes on. It is a sport that will keep growing and will continuously be taken to heights that only ascend. There is no telling what the future holds for snowboarding; with the next generation of snowboarders comes another potential boarder who will completely flip the snowboarding game on its head, kids are starting to snowboard at an early age and they will develop the sport into something more mind-blowing and awesome than it is right now. With a new generation of snowboarders comes a new generation impossible tricks that are already in the process of being mastered by professional snowboarders all around the world. The community of snowboarders is very special because even if a snowboarder is not trying to change the pace of the game, they are simply having a great time with fellow snowboarders and that is all that matters. For snowboarders like myself, we want to take snowboarding to the next level and that determination keeps pushing us boarders past the fear of injuries and failure to the thrones and the mountaintops. Edensor, Tim, and Sophia Richards. Snowboarders vs Skiers: Contested Choreographies of the Slopes. Leisure Studies 26. 1 (2007): 97-114. Print. Marquardt, Katy. â€Å"King of the Hill in Snowboards. † U. S. News World Report (2008) Vol. 145, Issue 7 Kirby, Jason. RED, WHITE AND FLYING HIGH. 123. 8 (2010). Print. Murphey, Austin. Good n Ugly. Snowboarding 10. 8 (2009). Print.